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THE HISTORY OF DISCOVERIES AND ORCHID RUSH There was no any tropical orchid in Europe up to the beginning of the 18th century. The main reason was that most of them are epiphytic. It was known from the travellers that orchid are growing at the trees; they were supposed during a long time to be parasitic and thus their cultivation was considered as senseless. Some attempts to import the orchids failed because nobody knew proper cultivation methods. In Miller's "Garden Dictionary" first edition (1733) the orchids were not mentioned; the 8th edition refers to 30 species of exotic orchids existing, native to Africa and India, were they are growing at the trees, but the author writes that since these plants cannot be grown in soil, there is no sense to describe them. The investigation of valleys, canyons, jungles and highlands was under sharp competition. The collectors often tried to hide the native places of a plant discovered, publishing false sometimes, in some cases native places were lost and rediscovered later. Spanish-speaking Indians called this species as "The stick of holy Jose". Reminiscences only are now kept about this wonderful plant. Whether it is still existing?" From 1825 the orchids started to attract botanist's attention in professional sense. One of the first authors was Lindley who published a set of foundamental papers. He was publishing the papers about orchid biological pecularities from 1826 to 1865, when he died. It was foundamental problem for botanists studying and classifying the orchids because those from Western hemisphere were not adjustable to existing genera. First people truing to grow these plants had a lot of trouble. They recognized that the plants cannot be grown in usual manner, i. e. in the pot with a soil. Also they failed to grow them from seeds using ordinary methods. Loddigez, the gardener and botanical magazine publisher, was one of the first who came to success in orchid growing. Starting from 1825 he used new planting methods providing the plants with plenty of light and air. He managed to grow successfully some species of vanda, aerides and dendrobiums being received from Roxburg — Calcutta Botanical Garden director. That time one of the most typical mistake in orchid cultivation was that growing conditions found proper for one plant group was automatically supposed to be good for other orchids. It got known later that even orchids from the same region may need different climate and temperature conditions. Indeed, some of them were growing near waterfalls, being permanently wet because of plenty of water drops, while others were from places opened for sun. Some of them were inhabitants of small altitudes under warm conditions while others were close to mountain tops, having cool days and nights. Some of them were growing on tree branches, while others were terrestrial, growing in soil. From our modern knoledge point of view, we can only wonder how even a few of the plants could survive. But successful growers had made the same mistake as collectors had, hiding their secrets. The curtain of mystery was kept up to 20th century. There was popular belief that only initiated into the secretepeople can grow orchid successfully and this made most of novice to surrender after the first failure. |
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